Bioética y pandemia / Bioethics and pandemic

Se describen las recomendaciones y los principios éticos para la asignación de recursos en la organización y práctica de la salud pública en el marco de pandemias originadas por enfermedades infecciosas. Durante las pandemias, las capacidades humanas y los recursos materiales disponibles para dar respuesta a las necesidades suelen verse sobrepasados. En este escenario se deberán adoptar múltiples decisiones, muchas de ellas difíciles, acerca de cómo, dónde, cuándo y a quién asignar esos recursos. Para ayudar a los médicos a sortear estos desafíos, las instituciones deberían contar con personal abocado al triage, comités de expertos y de ética que ayuden a aplicar estas recomendaciones, asistir en la toma de decisión o realizar elecciones, liberando al médico de esa pesada carga.

Recommendations and ethical principles for the allocation of resources in the organization and practice of public health in the context of pandemics caused by infectious diseases are described. During pandemics, the human capacities and material resources available to respond to needs are often overwhelmed. In this scenario, multiple decisions will have to be made, many of them difficult, about how, where, when and to whom to allocate those resources. To help physicians overcome these challenges, institutions should have triage staff, expert and ethics committees to help implement these recommendations, assist in decision-making or make choices, freeing the physician from that heavy burden.

Referral and counter-referral system between secondary and tertiary care facilities in a children's hospital network of Greater Buenos Aires.

INTRODUCTION: Hospital El Cruce is a tertiary care facility which is part of a healthcare network that has been operating since July 2008 and includes health centers from five municipalities of the South of Greater Buenos Aires. The objective of the study was to describe the referral and counter-referral system at the pediatric intermediate medical care unit of the Hospital El Cruce, the tertiary level care of the network, and secondly to identify the critical points that could go against the consolidation of the network and to analyze the level of knowledge about it. POPULATION AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, prospective study conducted at the pediatric intermediate medical care unit of Hospital El Cruce between July 2008 and December 2010. Indicators related to patient admission and discharge were analyzed. A survey was administered to all the heads of the network's pediatric departments in order to assess the level of knowledge they had about it. RESULTS: A total of1677patients were hospitalized; 83.9% were referred from the network. Of all referrals made, 71.1% were accepted. There were 156 patients (9.4%) who were counter-referred to the referring facility. The survey results showed that 70% of heads of pediatric departments were unaware of the range of services provided by the network. CONCLUSIONS: Health care exchange was predominantly based on accepting patients referred from secondary care facilities to Hospital El Cruce and a minimum number of counter-referrals to referring facilities, with a radial pattern dynamics. There was scarce knowledge about the availability of the network health service delivery.

Referral and counter-referral system between secondary and tertiary care facilities in a children's hospital network of Greater Buenos Aires / Sistema de referencia-contrarreferencia entre el segundo y el tercer nivel de salud en una red hospitalaria pediátrica en el conurbano bonaerense

Introduction. Hospital El Cruce is a tertiary care facility which is part of a healthcare network that has been operating since July 2008 and includes health centers from five municipalities of the South of Greater Buenos Aires. The objective of the study was to describe the referral and counter-referral system at the pediatric intermediate medical care unit of the Hospital El Cruce, the tertiary level care of the network, and secondly to identify the critical points that could go against the consolidation of the network and to analyze the level of knowledge about it. Population and Methods. This was a cross-sectional, prospective study conducted at the pediatric intermediate medical care unit of Hospital El Cruce between July 2008 and December 2010. Indicators related to patient admission and discharge were analyzed. A survey was administered to all the heads of the network's pediatric departments in order to assess the level of knowledge they had about it. Results. A total of1677patients were hospitalized; 83.9% were referred from the network. Of all referrals made, 71.1% were accepted. There were 156 patients (9.4%) who were counter-referred to the referring facility. The survey results showed that 70% of heads of pediatric departments were unaware of the range of services provided by the network. Conclusions. Health care exchange was predominantly based on accepting patients referred from secondary care facilities to Hospital El Cruce and a minimum number of counter-referrals to referring facilities, with a radial pattern dynamics. There was scarce knowledge about the availability of the network health service delivery.

Introducción. El Hospital El Cruce es un centro de alta complejidad de una red asistencial que funciona desde julio de 2008 y abarca centros sanitarios de cinco municipios del conurbano sur bonaerense. El objetivo del estudio fue describir el sistema de referencia y contrarreferencia a la unidad de cuidados intermedios pediátricos del Hospital de Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce, y secundariamente identifcar los puntos críticos que podrían conspirar contra la consolidación de la red y analizar el nivel de autoconocimiento sobre ésta. Población y métodos. Estudio observacional, prospectivo, realizado en la unidad de cuidados intermedios pediátricos del Hospital El Cruce, entre julio de 2008 y diciembre de 2010. Se analizaron los indicadores vinculados al ingreso y egreso del paciente. Se realizó una encuesta a todos los jefes de servicios pediátricos de la red para evaluar el nivel de conocimiento sobre ésta. Resultados. Se internaron 1677 pacientes; 83,9% fueron derivados desde la red. Se aceptaron 71,1% de las derivaciones solicitadas. El 9,4% (156 pacientes) fueron contrarreferidos al centro de origen. En la encuesta, 70% de las respuestas de los jefes de servicios pediátricos expresaron desconocimiento del menú prestacional de la red. Conclusiones. El intercambio asistencial se basó predominantemente en la aceptación de pacientes derivados desde centros de segundo nivel de atención hacia el Hospital El Cruce y escasa contrarreferencia hacia los centros derivadores, con una dinámica de funcionamiento radiada. Hubo escaso conocimiento de la disponibilidad de prestaciones de la red.

Referral and counter-referral system between secondary and tertiary care facilities in a childrens hospital network of Greater Buenos Aires / Sistema de referencia-contrarreferencia entre el segundo y el tercer nivel de salud en una red hospitalaria pediátrica en el conurbano bonaerense

Introduction. Hospital El Cruce is a tertiary care facility which is part of a healthcare network that has been operating since July 2008 and includes health centers from five municipalities of the South of Greater Buenos Aires. The objective of the study was to describe the referral and counter-referral system at the pediatric intermediate medical care unit of the Hospital El Cruce, the tertiary level care of the network, and secondly to identify the critical points that could go against the consolidation of the network and to analyze the level of knowledge about it. Population and Methods. This was a cross-sectional, prospective study conducted at the pediatric intermediate medical care unit of Hospital El Cruce between July 2008 and December 2010. Indicators related to patient admission and discharge were analyzed. A survey was administered to all the heads of the networks pediatric departments in order to assess the level of knowledge they had about it. Results. A total of1677patients were hospitalized; 83.9% were referred from the network. Of all referrals made, 71.1% were accepted. There were 156 patients (9.4%) who were counter-referred to the referring facility. The survey results showed that 70% of heads of pediatric departments were unaware of the range of services provided by the network. Conclusions. Health care exchange was predominantly based on accepting patients referred from secondary care facilities to Hospital El Cruce and a minimum number of counter-referrals to referring facilities, with a radial pattern dynamics. There was scarce knowledge about the availability of the network health service delivery.(AU)

Introducción. El Hospital El Cruce es un centro de alta complejidad de una red asistencial que funciona desde julio de 2008 y abarca centros sanitarios de cinco municipios del conurbano sur bonaerense. El objetivo del estudio fue describir el sistema de referencia y contrarreferencia a la unidad de cuidados intermedios pediátricos del Hospital de Alta Complejidad en Red El Cruce, y secundariamente identifcar los puntos críticos que podrían conspirar contra la consolidación de la red y analizar el nivel de autoconocimiento sobre ésta. Población y métodos. Estudio observacional, prospectivo, realizado en la unidad de cuidados intermedios pediátricos del Hospital El Cruce, entre julio de 2008 y diciembre de 2010. Se analizaron los indicadores vinculados al ingreso y egreso del paciente. Se realizó una encuesta a todos los jefes de servicios pediátricos de la red para evaluar el nivel de conocimiento sobre ésta. Resultados. Se internaron 1677 pacientes; 83,9% fueron derivados desde la red. Se aceptaron 71,1% de las derivaciones solicitadas. El 9,4% (156 pacientes) fueron contrarreferidos al centro de origen. En la encuesta, 70% de las respuestas de los jefes de servicios pediátricos expresaron desconocimiento del menú prestacional de la red. Conclusiones. El intercambio asistencial se basó predominantemente en la aceptación de pacientes derivados desde centros de segundo nivel de atención hacia el Hospital El Cruce y escasa contrarreferencia hacia los centros derivadores, con una dinámica de funcionamiento radiada. Hubo escaso conocimiento de la disponibilidad de prestaciones de la red.(AU)

Macronutrients during pregnancy and life-threatening respiratory syncytial virus infections in children.

RATIONALE: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of hospitalization and death in infants worldwide. Most RSV deaths occur in developing countries, where burden and risk factors for life-threatening illness are unclear. OBJECTIVES: We defined the burden of life-threatening (O(2) saturation [O(2) sat] ≤ 87%) and fatal RSV infection, and characterized risk factors for life-threatening disease in hospitalized children. Special emphasis was placed on studying the impact of dietary habits during pregnancy. We hypothesized that dietary preferences, differing from those of our remote ancestors, would negatively impact children's pulmonary health. For instance, a diet rich in carbohydrates is a signature of recent millennia and typical of low-income populations, heavily burdened by life-threatening RSV disease. METHODS: Prospective study in a catchment population of 56,560 children under 2 years of age during the RSV season in Argentina. All children with respiratory signs and O(2) sat less than 93% on admission were included. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Among 1,293 children with respiratory infections, 797(61.6%) were infected with RSV: 106 of these had life-threatening disease; 1.9 per 1,000 children (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-2.2/1,000) under 24 months. A total of 22 hospitalized children died (9 RSV(+)), 26 died at home due to acute respiratory infection (14 attributed to RSV); all were under 12 months old. The annual attributable mortality rate for RSV was 0.7 per 1,000 infants (95% CI, 0.4-1.1/1,000). Life-threatening disease was dose-dependently associated with carbohydrate ingestion during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio from 3.29 [95% CI, 1.15-9.44] to 7.36 [95% CI, 2.41-22.5] versus the lowest quartile). CONCLUSIONS: Life-threatening and fatal RSV infections are a heavy burden on infants in the developing world. Diets rich in carbohydrates during pregnancy are associated with these severe outcomes.

Referral and counter-referral system between secondary and tertiary care facilities in a childrens hospital network of Greater Buenos Aires. / Referral and counter-referral system between secondary and tertiary care facilities in a childrens hospital network of Greater Buenos Aires.

INTRODUCTION: Hospital El Cruce is a tertiary care facility which is part of a healthcare network that has been operating since July 2008 and includes health centers from five municipalities of the South of Greater Buenos Aires. The objective of the study was to describe the referral and counter-referral system at the pediatric intermediate medical care unit of the Hospital El Cruce, the tertiary level care of the network, and secondly to identify the critical points that could go against the consolidation of the network and to analyze the level of knowledge about it. POPULATION AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, prospective study conducted at the pediatric intermediate medical care unit of Hospital El Cruce between July 2008 and December 2010. Indicators related to patient admission and discharge were analyzed. A survey was administered to all the heads of the networks pediatric departments in order to assess the level of knowledge they had about it. RESULTS: A total of1677patients were hospitalized; 83.9

were referred from the network. Of all referrals made, 71.1

were accepted. There were 156 patients (9.4

) who were counter-referred to the referring facility. The survey results showed that 70

of heads of pediatric departments were unaware of the range of services provided by the network. CONCLUSIONS: Health care exchange was predominantly based on accepting patients referred from secondary care facilities to Hospital El Cruce and a minimum number of counter-referrals to referring facilities, with a radial pattern dynamics. There was scarce knowledge about the availability of the network health service delivery.

Lactante sibilante atípico: consideraciones diagnósticas. Hendidura laríngea / Atypical sibilant lactate: diagnostic considerations. Laryngeal cleft

El síndrome bronquial obstructivo es un motivo de consulta frecuente en la edad pediátrica. En este trabajo se presenta el caso de un paciente con antecedentes de internaciones recurrentes por infecciones respiratorias agudas bajas y trastorno de deglución con diagnóstico de hendidura laríngea. Se realiza una breve descripción de la hendidura laríngea, sus características clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Se enumeran los diagnósticos diferenciales de los niños con sibilancias atípicas, sus signos y síntomas y su evaluación inicial.

Entomoftoromicosis mediastinal / Mediastinal entomophtoromicosis

Se presenta el caso de un niño de 6 años que desarrolló una mediatinitis fibrosante por Entomoftoromicosos con extensión al abdomen superior.El paciente se prsentó con un cuadro de supuración pleuropulmonar con el desarrollo progresivo de la lesión mediastinal.El diagnóstico se efectúo por biopsia de la masa mediastinal.La evolución fue fatal.En la necropsis se encontraron modificaciones de la lesión que se interpretaron como efecto de la medicación antimicótica administrada.Sólo se ha descripto un ejemplo previo de esa micosis con localización mediastinal en un niño

Entomoftoromicosis mediastinal / Mediastinal entomophtoromicosis

Se presenta el caso de un niño de 6 años que desarrolló una mediatinitis fibrosante por Entomoftoromicosos con extensión al abdomen superior.El paciente se prsentó con un cuadro de supuración pleuropulmonar con el desarrollo progresivo de la lesión mediastinal.El diagnóstico se efectúo por biopsia de la masa mediastinal.La evolución fue fatal.En la necropsis se encontraron modificaciones de la lesión que se interpretaron como efecto de la medicación antimicótica administrada.Sólo se ha descripto un ejemplo previo de esa micosis con localización mediastinal en un niño